Wednesday, January 29, 2014

MUNDAKA UPANISHAD IN SIMPLE ENGLISH PART TWO


                                                                   
                                                                CHAPTER TWO

                                                                 SECTION ONE

This is the truth. Just as from a blazing fire, sparks of similar form come out by the thousands, even so, dear one, do many kinds of beings come out from the Immutable Person, from Brahm, and return there too.

 Brahm, is divine and formless. He is without and within everything; he is inside and outside everything. He is unborn. He is without breath, He is without mind. He is pure and even higher than the highest immutable.

From him are born life as we know it. From him are born mind, from Him are born all the sense organs; from Him are also born ether, air, water, fire and the earth, which supports all.

Fire is His head. His eyes are the sun and the moon, the regions of space are His ears, the revealed Vedas are His speech, air is His life and His heart is the world. Out of His feet is born the earth. Indeed He is the Self, the Atma of all beings.

From Him comes fire whose fuel is the sun, from Him comes the moon and from the moon comes rain, and from rain come the herbs and plants on earth. Nourished by all these, the male pours seed into the female. This is how all creatures are produced from the person of Brahm, this is how the birth of all beings takes place from Brahm.

From him are born the verses of the Rig Veda, the chants of the Sama Veda, and the formulae of the Yajur Veda; from Him are born the rites of initiation, from Him are born all the sacrifices, all the ceremonies, all the rituals and sacrificial gifts, from Him are born the years and time too, and the sacrificer, as also the worlds where the moon purifies and where the radiant sun shines ever so brightly.

From Him are also born all the gods in many different ways, all the celestials, men, cattle, birds, the in- breath and the out- breath, rice and barley, austerity, faith, truth, chastity, and the law.

From Him come out the seven life breaths, the seven flames and their fuel, the seven oblations,  these seven worlds in which move the life breaths, seven and seven, which dwell in the secret place of the heart.

From Him emerge all the oceans, all the seas and all the mountains, from Him flow rivers of every kind, from Him come all the herbs and their juices, too, by which, together with the elements, the inner soul is upheld.
Brahm Himself is all that has been described. He is work, He is austerity and He is Brahma beyond death.

He who knows Brahm as residing in the secret place of the heart he, here on earth itself, O dear one, cuts open the knots of ignorance; he gets rid of all ignorance in his very lifetime itself.

                                                                        SECTION 2

The Great Support, Brahm, is seen in the secret place of the heart. It is well fixed and it is moving as well. In the same Great Support is centred all this which moves, which breathes and which winks. Know that support as being and also as non being, and as the Supreme Object to be desired. It is the highest and it is beyond the reach of man’s understanding.

That which is ever luminous, That which is subtler than the subtle, and That in which are centred all the worlds, and those that dwell in them, That is the Imperishable Brahm, That is life, That is speech, and That is mind. That is the true, That is the truth, That is immortal, That is Brahm to be known. Therefore, know That Brahm.

Taking the great weapon of the Upanishads as the bow, one should place in it the arrow of the self, sharpened by meditation. Then drawing the bowstring with a mind engaged in the contemplation of Brahm, one should make that very Imperishable Brahm as the target.

The syllable AUM is the bow, one’s own Self, one’s own Atma, indeed, is the arrow. Brahm is the target which is to be hit without making a mistake. Thus, hitting the target, the arrow becomes one with the target; the Atma becomes one with Brahm, the Atma merges with Brahm.

He in whom the sky, the earth, the inter space, the mind and all the vital breaths are all woven together, know Him alone as the one Self. Dismiss all other claims, dismiss all other utterances and conjectures. This is the bridge to immortality.

The heart is where the arteries of the body are brought together like spokes in the centre of a wheel. It is in that very heart that the Self moves about becoming many. May you be successful in crossing over from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge and wisdom.

He consists of mind and is the leader of life and the body and is seated in the body controlling the heart. By the knowledge of Brahm, the wise are able to clearly see the Immortal who shines forth brightly.

The doubts that assail the heart are dispelled, the knots, the bonds that bind the heart are cut, and all past deeds and actions terminate once the higher and the lower Brahm are seen.

Brahm is encased in the highest golden covering. Brahm is without stain, without parts, Brahm is pure and pristine; He is the light of all lights. The knowers of the Self know this.

The sun does not shine there, nor the moon, nor the stars; these lightnings so not shine there. Where then could this fire be? That fire and that light is, indeed, the light of Brahm itself. Everything shines only after the shining light of Brahm. The sun, the moon, the stars, and all the lightnings, they all get their light only from Brahm. Brahm, indeed, is the source of the light of this universe. It is the light of Brahm that actually illumines the whole world.

It is Brahm, indeed, who is this immortal. Brahm is everywhere. Brahm is in front, Brahm is behind,  Brahm  is to the right, Brahm is to the left, Brahm is above and below. Brahm, indeed, is this universe. Brahm is the greatest.
                                                          END OF CHAPTER TWO

                                                            END OF PART TWO

                                                 AUM, PEACE, PEACE, PEACE


Sunday, January 26, 2014

MUNDAKA UPANISHAD IN SIMPLE ENGLISH PART ONE

                                                    MUNDAKA UPANISHAD

                                                          INTRODUCTION

The Mundaka Upanishad is one of the Principal eleven Upanishads of the Hindu religion. It belongs to the Atharva Veda and has sixty five verses spread over three chapters, each having two sections. The Upanishad teaches the highest knowledge of Brahm which cannot be obtained by sacrifice or by worship.

 The name of the Upanishad is derived from the root “to shave” meaning, that he who understands the teaching of the Upanishad is “shaved” or liberated from all mistakes and ignorance.

 The Upanishad clearly states the distinction between the higher knowledge of the Supreme Brahm and the lower knowledge of the empirical world.

 It is by the higher knowledge and wisdom and not by sacrifices or worship that one can reach Brahm. Only the sanyasin, the renunciate, who has given up everything, can obtain the highest knowledge.

The Upanishad is presented in three parts, part one consists of chapter one, part two of chapter two, and part three of chapter three.

                                                                 THE UPANISHAD

                                                                     PART ONE

                                                                   CHAPTER ONE

                                                                    SECTION ONE

Brahma arose as the first among the gods, as the maker of the universe, and as the protector of the world.

He taught the knowledge of Brahm, which is the foundation of all knowledge to his eldest son Atharvan.

That knowledge of Brahm, both the higher and the lower knowledge, which Brahma taught to his son Atharvan,  Atharvan, in ancient times, told it to Angira who in turn taught it to Satyavaha, son of Bhardvaja, who further taught it to Angiras.

Shaunaka, a great householder and respected person of his time, duly approached Angiras in the proper manner and asked very humbly: Respected sir, through the knowledge of what does all this world and all that exists become known? What is it that we must know so that all becomes known to us? Is there any one cause of all the varied, different and multifarious things that exist in the world, knowing which cause everything and all will be well known?

Angiras replied: The knowers of Brahm declare that there are two kinds of knowledge to be known, the higher and the lower, and both should be known.

Of these, the lower knowledge is the knowledge of the Vedas, of the Rig Veda, the Sama Veda, the Yajur Veda and the Atharva Veda, the knowledge of all the scriptures, knowledge of Phonetics, of Ritual, of Grammar, of Etymology, of Metrics and of Astrology. This is the knowledge of the world.

 And the higher knowledge is that knowledge by which the Undecaying Imperishable Supreme Brahm is apprehended and attained.

  The wise perceive the Undecaying Supreme Brahm as the source of all beings and of all existence. That Brahm is ungraspable, is without family, is without caste, is without sight or hearing, is without hands or feet, is eternal, is all- pervading, and is exceedingly subtle.

Just as a spider emits and draws in its thread, just as herbs and plants grow on the earth, just as hair grows on the head and on the body of a living person, so too does the universe emerge and grow from that Imperishable Brahm.

By the power of contemplation and the energy so produced, Brahm expands and grows. From that food is produced. From food comes life, then comes mind, then come the five elements: earth, air, fire, water and space; then come the worlds, then the rituals and from the rituals is produced immortality.

Brahm who is all knowing and all wise, whose austerity consists of knowledge, from him is born Brahma, the creator, and from Brahma are born all that have name and shape and from Brahma is produced food as well.


                                                                 SECTION TWO


This is that truth. The works and the duties which the sages saw in the hymns are described in detail in the Vedas. Perform them constantly and without fail, you lovers of truth. This is your path to the world of good deeds.

 The sacrificial fire has to be lit and when the flames of the fire burn brightly, then only should one offer his oblations with faith between the two portions of melted butter.

He whose Agnihotra sacrifice is not followed by the sacrifice of the new moon and of the full moon,  by the four month’s sacrifice, by the rituals performed in the harvest season, and is not attended by guests, is without the customary oblations, is without ceremonies to all the gods, or who gives offerings contrary to the rules laid down in the scriptures, such conduct of his destroys his future up to seven births. The sacrificial fires have to be lit within ourselves and constantly fed by always speaking the truth, for if we do not speak the truth but indulge in untruthfulness and falsehood; we will put out the flame of sacrifice.

The following are the seven moving flames of fire:  the black, the terrific, the swift as mind, the very red, the very smoky coloured, the spark blazing, and the divine shaped.

Whosoever performs works, whosoever makes his offerings when these flames of fire are shining and who makes his offerings at the proper time, these offerings of his, in the form of the rays of the sun, lead him to that world where the one Lord of the gods abides, to the abode of the Supreme Brahm.

The radiant offerings invite him with the words,” come, come”, and carry the sacrificer by the rays of the sun, honouring him and saluting him with the pleasing words: “This is your holy world of Brahma which you have won through your good deeds.”

 The boats of the eighteen sacrificial forms, consisting only of rituals, are said to be inferior karma, because they are devoid of knowledge, and are, therefore, unsteady, unstable and unreliable. Those who are deluded by such rituals, thinking that this alone will lead them to the good and who delight in them, such people fall again and again into old age and death.

 People who live in ignorance, but who consider themselves to be wise in their own esteem, and who think of themselves as learned, are actually deluded. Such people suffer all kinds of troubles, and go about like blind men led by one who is himself blind.

The people who are immature live mostly in ignorance. They think they have attained their aim without actually have done so. Those who only perform rituals, they get attached to those rituals and do not understand the truth because of their attachment to the rituals. They, therefore, fall down miserable when the fruits of their merits from their previous births are exhausted.

These men are deluded since they regard only sacrifices and good works or works of merit as most important. They do not know any other good. After enjoying their stay in the high place of heaven, which was won by their good deeds, and after their merit is exhausted; they come back to this world or to a still lower one.

But those who practice austerity and faith, in solitude, those tranquil knowers, who lead the life of a mendicant, depart from this world, freed from sin, through the door of the sun, to the abode of the Immortal, Imperishable Person, the Param Atma, the Supreme Brahm.

Having carefully seen and examined the worlds won by works, a seeker of Brahm should arrive at non attachment, he should become non attached. The world that is not made is not won by what is done. Karma or work results only in achieving the transitory, the temporary, and not the permanent eternal. For seeking the knowledge of the permanent eternal, of the Supreme Brahm, the seeker should go humbly and respectfully to a teacher who is learned in the scriptures and who is established in Brahm, who has realized and attained Brahm.

That  knowing teacher, on his part, should teach, in its very truth, that knowledge of Brahm, by which knowledge one knows the Imperishable Person, the true, to such a seeker of knowledge whose mind is tranquil and who has attained peace.

                                                         END OF CHAPTER ONE

                                                           END OF PART ONE

                                                     AUM, PEACE, PEACE, PEACE